When turning slender shaft, causes deformation and vibration of what?

Turning the elongate shaft deformation and vibration causes are:
⑴, piece by cutting heat elongation bending deformation.
⑵, the workpiece bending and vibration in the cutting force.
⑶, workpiece weight, vibration caused by the deformation.
⑷, under the centrifugal force of the workpiece bending and vibration intensified.

Corrective measures taken include:
⑴, using a central rack;
⑵, use with the knife;
⑶, reduce the thermal deformation;
⑷, a reasonable choice of tools, the geometry and cutting parameters.